Finding ways to curtail clubroot
A tailored plan is required to contain the spread of clubroot and sustain the production of important brassica crop species in the UK, according to a new AHDB report.
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Marianne Curtis
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The increasing prevalence of the disease, the diverse nature of the clubroot population, its patchy occurrence and the rise of resistance-breaking strains have all been revealed by the latest research.
Guidance to help farmers map clubroot pressures and identify management options, which include targeted treatment at problematic patches, has also been updated.
Clubroot, caused by the pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae has increased in the UK. The trend for shorter rotations, along with milder and wetter winters, have contributed to its rise.
If a susceptible crop is used in a clubroot-infected field, current advice is for a resistant variety to be grown. Such varieties contain the ‘Mendel’ resistance mechanism.
However, the effectiveness of this mechanism has reduced at some UK sites in recent years. The researchers aimed to establish how significant and widespread the erosion of resistance is, says AHDB.
Soil samples from 75 high-risk clubroot fields were used to grow a resistant and a susceptible winter oilseed rape variety. In about half of these ‘bioassays’, the resistant variety developed relatively high levels of symptoms. These were high enough at 15% of the sites to indicate that resistance was no longer functioning effectively.
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Break resistance
Amanda Bennett, who manages soilborne disease research at AHDB, says: “Strains of clubroot that can break resistance were found across the UK. Growers should make use of integrated approaches to control this disease, including the use of non-susceptible crops in the rotation, to avoid driving the selection of resistance-breaking strains.”
The project also looked at the potential for targeted treatment (such as liming). The clubroot severity in commercial crops (16 fields) was assessed (50m grid squares) at three timings over a growing season. This found that the disease was often patchy across the field. However, analysis of yield data revealed that the pathogen was just one cause of low-yielding patches. Despite this, economic modelling revealed, where disease was confined to patches, targeted treatment can make financial sense.
Molecular tests were found not to correlate well with in-field disease development. Visual assessments of plants and plant roots remain the most reliable way to assess the presence and distribution of clubroot across a field, says AHDB.
Growers should measure and record clubroot pressures, and document where resistant varieties have been grown. Such records can act as the foundation of an integrated clubroot management strategy.
Comprehensive information about clubroot, including hosts, symptoms, life cycle, importance, risk factors and management, can be accessed via ahdb.org.uk/clubroot
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